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PRMIA ORM Certificate - 2023 Update Sample Questions (Q12-Q17):
NEW QUESTION # 12
An example of Credit Risk events with an Operational Risk component included?
- A. Ponzi Schemes & Rogue Trading.
- B. Ponzi Schemes.
- C. Failure in loan approval process leading to erroneously approved loans.
- D. Rogue Trading.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Step 1: Understanding Credit Risk with an Operational Risk Component
Credit Risk: Risk of loss due to borrower default.
Operational Risk: Risk of loss due to failed internal processes, fraud, or misconduct.
Step 2: Why Option D is Correct
Ponzi Schemes: Fraudulent investment scams disguise credit risk as legitimate lending but collapse when new funds dry up.
Rogue Trading: Traders take unauthorized risks that can lead to credit defaults or massive financial losses.
Step 3: Why the Other Options Are Incorrect
Option A ("Failure in loan approval process") → This is an Operational Risk issue, but does not always create Credit Risk.
Option B ("Ponzi Schemes") → Partially correct, but does not include Rogue Trading, which is also a credit risk-related operational failure.
Option C ("Rogue Trading") → Partially correct, but does not include Ponzi Schemes, which are another key example.
PRMIA Risk Reference Used:
PRMIA Operational Risk Framework - Highlights fraud-based Credit Risk events.
Basel II/III Operational Risk Guidelines - Discusses trading misconduct and credit risk misrepresentation.
Final Conclusion:
Both Ponzi Schemes and Rogue Trading involve credit risk failures caused by operational misconduct, making Option D the correct answer.
NEW QUESTION # 13
For the TSB case what was the cause of the outage at the heart of the case?
- A. Sub-standard risk pricing and risk management left millions of people locked out of their accounts for weeks.
- B. Their IT models did not work if prices were discontinuous.
- C. A liquidity squeeze by a major hedge-fund via margin calls on trading positions resulted in the collapse of their website.
- D. A failed attempts to move customers to a new IT system left millions of people locked out of their accounts for weeks.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Step 1: Understanding the TSB Case
The TSB outage in 2018 was caused by a failed IT migration from its old banking system to a new one.
The transition locked millions of customers out of their accounts for weeks, resulting in financial losses and reputational damage.
Step 2: Why Option C Is Correct
TSB attempted to move customer data to a new banking platform, but serious defects in the migration process led to service failures.
PRMIA and UK Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) reports confirmed that poor IT risk management was a key failure.
Step 3: Why the Other Options Are Incorrect
Option A ("Liquidity squeeze by hedge-fund")
Incorrect because TSB's failure was due to IT migration issues, not a liquidity crisis.
Option B ("Sub-standard risk pricing and risk management")
Incorrect because pricing models were not the cause-it was an IT system failure.
Option D ("IT models did not work if prices were discontinuous")
Incorrect as this issue is more common in high-frequency trading failures, not banking system outages.
PRMIA Risk Reference Used:
UK FCA Investigation on TSB Incident - Confirms IT migration failure as root cause.
PRMIA IT Risk Management Framework - Highlights risks of major IT transitions.
Final Conclusion:
The TSB outage was caused by a failed IT migration, making Option C the correct answer.
NEW QUESTION # 14
In Operational Resilience, which of the following is not an important measure of whether a Business Service can be considered Critical?
- A. Whether a disruption to the provision of the service could cause material customer detriment.
- B. Whether a disruption to the provision of the service could exceed risk appetite.
- C. Whether a disruption to the provision of the service could threaten a firm's viability.
- D. Whether a disruption to the provision of the service could harm market integrity.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Step 1: Definition of a Critical Business Service in Operational Resilience A Critical Business Service is one whose failure could result in severe harm to customers, financial markets, or the firm's viability.
Regulators (e.g., Bank of England, Basel Committee, PRMIA) define three primary factors for identifying critical services:
Customer impact
Market integrity impact
Firm viability impact
Step 2: Why Option C Is Incorrect
Risk appetite is an internal business decision, not an external measure of criticality.
A service can be critical even if its disruption stays within risk appetite.
Criticality is based on external impacts, not just internal risk limits.
Step 3: Why the Other Options Are Correct
Option A ("Material customer detriment") → Correct as customer harm defines critical services.
Option B ("Harm to market integrity") → Correct as market stability is a regulatory priority.
Option D ("Threaten firm viability") → Correct as critical services often determine business survival.
PRMIA Risk Reference Used:
PRMIA Operational Resilience Framework - Defines criteria for critical business services.
Basel Committee Operational Risk Guidelines - Highlights customer, market, and firm viability as resilience factors.
Final Conclusion:
Risk appetite is an internal benchmark, not a measure of critical service designation, making Option C the correct answer.
NEW QUESTION # 15
What are the objectives of conducting an internal loss investigation?
- A. Increase understanding of root causes, focus attention on remediation, and improve the quality of scenario analysis and risk assessments.
- B. Increase understanding of root causes, focus attention on who caused the issue, and improve the quality of scenario analysis and risk assessments.
- C. This is determined on a case by case basis by the HR team.
- D. Increase understanding of root causes, focus attention on remediation, and ascertain responsibility for the loss event.
Answer: A
Explanation:
tep 1: Purpose of Internal Loss Investigations
Internal loss investigations analyze past loss events to identify root causes, improve controls, and enhance risk assessments.
Step 2: Why Option A Is Correct
Root Cause Analysis: Identifying why the loss occurred.
Focus on Remediation: Implementing corrective measures to prevent recurrence.
Scenario Analysis Improvement: Using lessons learned to enhance risk scenario modeling.
Step 3: Why the Other Options Are Incorrect
Option B ("Focus on who caused the issue") → Incorrect because loss investigations are about systemic issues, not assigning blame.
Option C ("Ascertain responsibility for the loss event") → Incorrect because the focus is on process improvements, not individual accountability.
Option D ("Determined by HR on a case-by-case basis") → Incorrect because HR does not dictate risk investigations-risk and compliance functions do.
PRMIA Risk Reference Used:
PRMIA Operational Risk Framework - Emphasizes loss investigations for systemic risk management.
Basel III Risk Governance Standards - Defines loss event analysis as a key risk management tool.
NEW QUESTION # 16
For the National Australia Bank - FX Options case study, which was the major cause of the loss event?
- A. Currency traders smoothed profits and concealed losses.
- B. Currency traders were allowed access to the risk system by the CEO.
- C. Currency traders concealed losses using back office knowledge.
- D. Currency traders were able to complete a Management Buy Out (MBO).
Answer: A
Explanation:
Overview of the National Australia Bank (NAB) FX Options Case Study
Traders at National Australia Bank (NAB) engaged in unauthorized foreign exchange (FX) options trading.
They smoothed profits and concealed losses using fictitious transactions and manipulated reporting.
This led to a major financial scandal and loss of investor confidence.
Key Findings of the Investigation
Traders artificially smoothed profits to avoid drawing attention to large fluctuations.
Losses were concealed from internal risk controls by manipulating trade records.
The bank's risk management and governance controls failed to detect and prevent these activities.
Why Other Answers Are Incorrect
Option
Explanation:
A . Currency traders were allowed access to the risk system by the CEO.
Incorrect - No evidence suggests CEO involvement in granting system access.
B . Currency traders concealed losses using back-office knowledge.
Incorrect - While they concealed losses, they also smoothed profits to manipulate earnings trends.
D . Currency traders were able to complete a Management Buy Out (MBO).
Incorrect - This event was not related to a Management Buyout (MBO); it was a trading scandal.
PRMIA Reference for Verification
PRMIA Fraud and Risk Management Case Studies
Basel Principles on Market Risk and Internal Control Failures
NEW QUESTION # 17
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